cocaine production Essay -- essays research papers

Cocaine Production in Columbia Columbia is the biggest coca creating nation on the planet. Over 70% of our nation’s cocaine is created and made in Columbia (â€Å"battles won† 1). The cocaine creation in Columbia is not quite the same as the remainder of the Andean nations since it is developed on plots of land that are immense, though in Peru and Bolivia coca is developed on little plots of land. Cocaine creating plants are poor farmer’s greatest money crop. Fights are battled each day between the legislature and ranchers more than a great many sections of land that produce the crude material for cocaine. In the locale that the majority of these ranchers live the developing of coca and the change to cocaine is the biggest and just working industry. It is a solid salary that has carried cash into the country’s economy for more than forty years (â€Å"a crop† 1). For a considerable lot of these ranchers, coca is the main plant that can carry enough cash to their family for enduran ce. Espresso, sugar, and bananas have been a significant fare for ranchers in the past yet a worldwide over-creation has lead the ranchers to delivering fields of cocoa shrubs. The solitary working governments in parts of Columbia are radical guerrillas. In these territories request is kept up by FARC, which is the nations biggest radical armed force. The Columbian governments have instituted laws since the 1990’s to eliminate medicate dealing. â€Å"A legitimate structure has been set up that urges dealers to give up and team up with the experts as a byproduct of legal leniency†(Clawson 90). The medication dealing in Columbia is causing numerous issues for Columbian and United States governments. These medication dealers acquire billions of dollars consistently offering cocaine to Europe and the United States. The utilization of the coca plant has been a significant lifestyle for indigenous individuals for a great many years. Before coca was primarily used to create cocaine, it was utilized by workers as a gentle opiate to stifle craving and give vitality. â€Å"Some 70 diverse people cures incorporate coca, now and then in mix with other plants†(Lee 24). â€Å"Cocaine is one of 13 alkaloids created from the coca leaf, which has been developed in South America for in any event 2,000 years†(Lee 21). In Columbia it is unlawful to develop coca plants not at all like Bolivia and Peru however Columbia is as yet the world’s biggest maker of Cocaine. This is credit to tranquilize cartels in Columbia... ...e. Fights are battled each day between the legislature and ranchers more than a huge number of sections of land that produce the crude material for cocaine. The Columbian government needs to go into the wilderness and crash the guerrilla gatherings yet cocaine has to some degree kept Columbia’s economy stable and in the event that cocaine creation is annihilated, at that point the nation may wind up in a sorry situation. The best answer for Columbia’s issues is to eliminate the creation of cocaine and make progressively gainful projects that urge ranchers not to deliver coca. Work Cited â€Å"The Absurdity of the Drug War in Columbia†. The Thistle. Oct.2001. Vol.13. 1-2 â€Å"Andean Drug Battle Bears Fruit† Christian Science Moniter.April 2000. Vol.92 . Issue 98 â€Å"Andean Coca Wars†. Economist.March 2000. Vol.354. Issue 8160.1-3 â€Å"Battles won, a War still Lost†.Economist. Feb. 2005. Vol.374. Issue 8413. 1-3 Clawson, Patrick L. The Andean Cocaine Industry. New York:St. Martin’s Press. 1996 â€Å"Columbia’s Cocaine Frontier. National Review. Dec. 2001. Vol.26. Issue 6. 1-6 â€Å"A War Down on the Farm†. Christian Science Moniter. May 2001. Vol.93. Issue 125, 1-3 Lee III, Rensselaer W. The White Labyrinth. New Brunswick. Exchange Publishers. 1989

Slave Trade the Industrial Revolution free essay sample

The Atlantic slave exchange was a key main impetus to the modern insurgency in Britain encountered an immense mechanical improvement from 1750 onwards. This improvement prompted Britain being perhaps the wealthiest nation on the planet. The progressions and advancement occurred at a similar timeframe that the slave exchange was at its pinnacle and Britain was one of the nations most vigorously included. England likewise assumed the greatest job in the exchange out of some other European nation. Is this just fortuitous event or is there an association between these two?Was the slave exchange causing Britains development economy and modern turn of events? Seeing as the ports, for example, the ports in Bristol and Liverpool got well off, more employments were made, and people who got affluent from the slave exchange put their cash into the improvement of businesses, it is sheltered to state that the Atlantic slave exchange assumed the primary job in the modern unrest. We will compose a custom exposition test on Slave Trade the Industrial Revolution or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Before the finish of the 1 seventh century a huge measure of slaves were being shipped by the British, twice the same number of slaves as their nearest rivals, the Dutch. In the eighteenth century around 1 100 boats were fitted out in England for the slave exchange. There are likewise gauges that around 3 million individuals were shipped into bondage in the eighteenth century. Along these lines, the economy profited tremendously and from the benefits made, Britain had the option to bear the cost of the improvement in the business. In the triangular exchange, things were starting to be on request from the British, for example, dishes, copper and weapons. The items offered to the individuals were sold at an around multiple times their unique value meaning an enormous benefit was being made.The benefits acquired had an ere constructive outcome on the economy development. This along these lines drives us to conviction that the triangular exchange assumed a significant job in the ascent of Britains economy. A large number of the ports, for example, Liverpool, turned out to be extremely well off during the slave exchange. This was for the most part a direct result of the assessment cost on merchandise that were gotten and out of these ports. London and Bristol were the most significant slave exchanging urban communities however were before long overwhelmed by Liverpool, which implied that Liverpool was making astonishing benefits from the exchange. Liverpool before long turned into the biggest slave exchanging port the Atlantic slave exchange system.From this, Liverpool increased a great deal of cash from charges on imports and fares which was gigantically valuable to the economy. The administration increased about 5% of their pay from the assessments paid on these ports which implied that the slave exchange was collecting noteworthy sums if cash. Numerous occupations were likewise made by the exchange as dockworkers, prisons, mariners and boat journalists were required. On account of the activity increment, the economy developed on account of duties and there were less jobless individuals. From all the cash that was being amassed from the slave exchange, Britain as ready to fund a ton of new innovation, for example, the steam engine.This demonstrates that the slave exchange was profoundly associated with the mechanical upheaval. Immense benefits were being made by financial specialists, vendors and estate proprietors and they were putting these benefits into banking, protection and the improvement of ventures which permitted Britain to create and progress in innovation. New machines and strategies likewise accompanied the insurgency and it additionally revolutionarily affected cultivating and assembling merchandise. New plants were created and the assembling of cotton turned out to be significant and a ton of he cotton being provided by Britain was delivered by slave labor.The innovation of the Steam motor before long followed the advancement in pro duction lines. It is one of the most renowned creations of the modern upset which was developed by James Watt. It was another approach to get vitality and could be given something to do in pretty much every industry. This innovation was financed by the cash produced using the slave exchange. It has been contended among numerous students of history that the slave exchange didn't assume a huge job in the Industrial transformation yet as we study the proof we re given it becomes more clear that it did in reality play an enormous role.In the book by Eric William, Capitalism and Slavery, we comprehend this by a statement: The repayment of the new world by Europeans relied upon the oppression of a large number of dark individuals, who aggregated the cash that achieved the mechanical insurgency. This announcement demonstrates the contention. It portrays to us that the mechanical unrest was based on and made conceivable by the cash made due to the slave exchange. English individuals are likewise coming to recognize that the slave exchange played an ITIL job in their development.An case of this is in Liverpool, a display is set up to remember their association with the slave exchange. This likewise demonstrates the slave exchange had a critical job in the improvement in the economy of Liverpool. On the off chance that we study the proof and sources it is straightforward enough for us to perceive what impact the slave exchange have on Britain. It not just made gigantic positive change in the economy yet on the turn of events if businesses and innovations. It is in this way clarified it was a key main impetus in the mechanical transformation.

5 Remarkable Ways To Keep Your Blog Fresh

5 Remarkable Ways To Keep Your Blog Fresh Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!5 Remarkable Ways To Keep Your Blog FreshUpdated On 16/05/2014Author : Jessica MeyerTopic : BloggingShort URL : http://hbb.me/1jPbkdu CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIts easy to get overwhelmed when you start a blog. And while there are ways to not get so overwhelmed in the beginning as a blog owner, now you need to actually keep writing. And you can get just as jaded about doing the actual writing and keeping it going. Here are a few tips to keep yourself on the straight and narrow when maintaining a blog, and some food for thought for those of you that are considering starting one.Be RealisticDont doubt that writing a blog is a time-consuming venture especially if you want to do it well and hope that people other than your parents will read it. Perhaps one of the most important things is time management. Do you work full time? Have an active social life? Well, tha t needs to be taken into consideration when setting goals for how regularly you are updating your blog and writing new articles.If you wish to maintain a happy work-life-blog balance, then you need to be honestly realistic about how much time you can commit to keeping up a blog.Dont tell yourself that you are going to be writing something new every day, but know in the back of your mind that you arent going to be able to. Then a month later when youve only written sporadically, youll be disappointed and more likely to give up on the writing all together. Whereas if you set realistic goals that youll be able to write two or three times a week and then a month later you meet or exceed them, youll be much more motivated to continue. In this case, then, its better to underestimate yourself and be realistic than be too ambitious. Ambition has its place, but not when it comes to setting goals for a blog.Know Your ContentThis is another problem that people who go into a blog without a plan run into. They dont know what theyre going to talk about so they spend hours searching the web for a lightbulb moment and never find one, thus continuing the cycle of disappointment and lack of motivation. Go into your blog knowing that youre going to talk about cute cat videos trending today, or local events, or current international politics. Whatever. Have a narrow focus if you get too broad and generalized the massive amounts of information available on the web will just swamp you and youll drown.READ35 Painful Mistakes Travel Bloggers Make (And How To Fix Them)If You Can, Get InvolvedSo much of blogging is about the community. The community of the blog itself is a huge part of it (for which there is no can you really must get involved with your blog audience on the website itself to have a successful, fulfilling blog). But now, there is also various social media networks new ways to make connections and getting involved in these spheres are a great way to get inspiration i f youre running out of fuel questions that people may ask of you, or things that theyre curious about. You never know what inspiration you may find from your audience.The Only Constant Is ChangeRecognize that your blog probably isnt going to turn out the way you expected it to. Maybe youll end up posting more frequently than you expected, or not as often. Maybe an unexpected topic will catch your eye and youll end up getting more involved in that community. Just go with it. Dont be so obsessed with your original idea that you dont see the opportunity that youre heading towards. Especially in the digital world, if you cant change with the tides and advance with the technology, youre old news as fast as gossip spreads in high school.Get Out!Dont forget that you actually have a life. Go to the movies, hang out with friends, read the newspaper. It will keep you happy, and from a more clinical perspective, when you get out and experience the world there are always new stimuli for your b rain which triggers inspiration and ideas, which can translate into a much more interesting article for your blog. And if your blog is about your life whats a life of sitting in front of a computer waiting for someone to comment on your blog? Not one, thats what.So keep all of these factors in mind when youre balancing your work-life-blog situation and youre definitely taking steps to have a successful blog, or at least enjoy what youre doing and successfully integrate it into your life.This article is written by Jessica Meyer. She is a freelance writer, frequently working with the French version of the online reputation management platform Reputation Observer. Writing is her passion, and the internet her chosen platform.

A Sacrificial Love Of Clara And Her Husband Tuck - 1129 Words

A Sacrificial Love December 26th, 2014. One of the most heartbreaking days that Clara and her husband Tuck would ever endure. On the morning of that horrific day, Tuck would wake up to the ringing of the worst Christmas gift he would ever receive. He had woken up very early that morning, and he’d sat down on the couch for a few minutes to watch the old television that they had picked up in a thrift store, in the only room where they had one, and he fell asleep. He heard the ringing and reached for the phone. He recognized the number, it was a co worker and a buddy of both him and his brother. He had figured that maybe it was a call about work, or a belated â€Å"Merry Christmas,† but the call was nothing of the sort. His buddy†¦show more content†¦Bailey had a rather large collection of Harley t-shirts, and they had been passed on to Tuck, who was his younger brother, but Tuck claimed that he fit into the shirts like a â€Å"stuffed sausage.† Clara had been saving every penny she could, and she decided that she wanted to get Tuck a quilt made from his brother’s Harley t-shirts. Last year, she had not had nearly enough money to have the quilt made. This year, money was even tighter, and she still did not have enough money to have the quilt made, especially because she wanted it made by the best in town. The quilt would cost about $400.000, and she had to come up with the money quickly, due to Christmas being just two months away, and the quilt-maker needing time to make the quilt. Clara took her most prized item, her precious necklace that had been passed down to her by her mother, to a pawn shop to sell it. Her father had bought it for her mother in Vietnam, and gave it to her when he got back from the war. The necklace had given her $200, even though the chain on it was broken, and by the end of November, she had saved enough money that when she added it to the money from the necklace, she had enough for the quilt. Knowing that she had very limited time, Clara called the quilt-maker and told her that she would be on her way with the money and the t-shirts. She went over to Tuck’s closet where the t-shirts were kept, and discovered that there was only one shirt in the box. Clara took the

Personal Narrative My Life Changer - 866 Words

My Life Changer In order to break out of the inner shell of what I called a boring life, I needed that one event or activity to change my life forever. Whether it was conducting with an instrument or participating in some sort of activity, I wanted it to have an impact or fuel some kind of passion that it will leave on my life. That came to me in the beginning of my high school career when playing tennis. Tennis changed my world and flipped it to a complete one eighty because it encouraged me to make new friends and work hard. At the beginning of my sophomore year in high school, the faculty and teachers recommended that students should participate in an after school activity at the beginning of the school year because being in an after school activity would look good on your high school record. I started to talk to some of my friends and some new people I have met in my classes that were signing up for the tennis club. So I decided why not, this could be really fun. Familiar faces were showing up at and I felt as if for once in my life, I have made a good choice. After my first loss, losing started to chain more frequently which started to irritate me. I wanted to smash my racquet to little itsy bitsy pieces and chuck it into a nearby pond. After being at the bottom of the rankings for most of the year, my junior year was the same feat as last year which fumigated, and blinded myself with anger and distain for being at the bottom for two years. I had to find a way toShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1127 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The best texts are those that force the reader to changer their perspective on the world. To what extent is this true in the text you have studies and how has the author sought to influence their readers.† Introduction The extent to which ones opinions and views can be altered without them even noticing is impeccable. F. 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How Does Holden Caulfield See Himself as The Catcher in...

How does Holden Caulfield see himself as ‘The Catcher in the Rye’? Most teenagers are rebels because they do not know how to deal with the transition from childhood innocence to adult corruption. This is a recurrent behavior displayed by the protagonist in J.D. Salinger’s, ‘The Catcher in the Rye’ – Holden Caulfield. The book maps the three impactful days that played a pivotal role in his life. During this time frame, Holden got thrown out of school, ran away from his school before he was scheduled to leave and went to New York. We do not know Holden’s exact location while he is narrating the story but it is clear that he is undergoing treatment in a mental hospital. Holden expresses his desire to preserve innocence in the world by†¦show more content†¦Holden told Phoebe about this one boy at Elkton Hills called James Castle who he liked. James had committed suicide because he had said something about this very conceited boy called Phil Stabile. Phil and his friends tormented James Castle. When James died, he was wearing a turtleneck sweater that he had borrowed from Holden. Holden hardly knew James. He was really surprised that James had asked for his sweater because he was a very quiet boy. All Holden knew was that his name was right ahead of his at roll call. When Phoebe asked him to name one thing that he liked a lot. When he thought about it, all he could think about was those two nuns that he met and James Castle. While Phoebe was talking to Holden, he was thinking about something else. Suddenly he told Phoebe what he’d like to be. He mentioned the line, ‘If a body catch a body coming through the rye’ from a poem by Robert Burns. Holden kept picturing little children playing in a big field of rye with nobody big around except him. And he’d catch everyone if they went over the cliff by mistake. He just wanted to do that the whole day, be ‘the catcher in the rye’. 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Salinger’s life greatly impacted the plot and style of his works because Salinger used himself as inspiration for Holden, as demonstrated through â€Å"I’m Crazy†, â€Å"Slight Rebellion off Madison†, and The Catcher in the Rye. During the first of three of his worksRead More Catcher in the Rye Essay: Holden - The Misfit Hero2101 Words   |  9 Pagesof The Catcher In The Rye      Ã‚     The Catcher In The Rye by J.D. Salinger was published in 1951. A recurring theme in J.D. Salingers stories concerns people who dont fit in with the traditional American Culture. Salingers misfit heroes, unlike the rest of society, are caught in the struggle between a superficial world and a conscious morality (1 Wildermuth). In his attempt to create a new and realistic portrayal of the times, Salinger first, effectively creates Holden Caulfield, the mainRead MoreThe Catcher In The Rye Analysis1657 Words   |  7 Pagesdaunting face of adulthood. In J. D. Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye, Salinger depicts the disheartening journey from adolescence to adulthood that Holden Caulfield endures. Although holden seeks the freedoms that mark adulthood, he has yet to take up the role of a truly mature citizen as the society conforming nature of those adults disgust him, leading him to his gradual mental decline. J. D. Salinger uses the immature character of Holden Caul field as a means of revealing the difficult transition

Steam Engines Essay Example For Students

Steam Engines Essay The Steam EngineThe steam engine provided a landmark in the industrial development of Europe. The first modern steam engine was built by an engineer, Thomas Newcomen, in 1705 to improve the pumping equipment used to eliminate seepage in tin and copper mines. Newcomens idea was to put a vertical piston and cylinder at the end of a pump handle. He put steam in the cylinder and then condensed it with a spray of cold water; the vacuum created allowed atmospheric pressure to push the piston down. In 1763 James watt, an instrument-maker for Glasgow University, began to make improvements on Newcomens engine. He made it a reciprocating engine, thus changing it from an atmospheric to a true steam engine. He also added a crank and flywheel to provide rotary motion. In 1774 the industrialist Michael Boulton took Watt into partnership, and their firm produced nearly five hundred engines before Watts patent expired in 1800. Water power continued in use, but the factory was now liberated from the streamside. A Watt engine drove Robert Fultons experimental steam vessel Clermont up the Hudson in 1807. RailroadsThe coming of the railroads greatly facilitated the industrialization of Europe. At mid.eighteenth century the plate or rail track had been in common use for moving coal from the pithead to the colliery or furnace. After 1800 flat tracks were in use outside London, Sheffield, and Munich. With the expansion of commerce, facilities for the movement of goods from the factory to the ports or cities came into pressing demand. In 1801 Richard Trevithick had an engine pulling trucks around the mine where he worked in Cornwall. By 1830 a railway was opened from Liverpool to Manchester; and on this line George Stephensons Rocket pulled a train of cars at fourteen miles an hour. The big railway boom in Britain came in the years 1844 to 1847. The railway builders had to fight vested interests-for example, canal stockholders, turnpike trusts, and horse breeders-but by 1850, aided by cheap iron and better machine tools, a network of railways had been built. By midcentury railroad trains travelling at thirty to fifty miles an hour were not uncommon, and freight steadily became more important than passengers. After 1850 in England the state had to intervene to regulate what amounted to a monopoly of inland transport. But as time went on the British railways developed problems. The First World War (1914-1918) found them suffering from overcapitalization, rising costs, and state regulation. British success with steam locomotion, however, was enough to encourage the building of railroads in most European countries, often with British capital, equipment, and technicians. Railroads became a standard item of British export. After 1842 France began a railroad system which combined private and public enterprise. The government provided the roadbed and then leased it to a private company which provided the equipment. In Russia, Canada, and the United States, railways served to link communities separated by vast distances. In Germany there were no vast empty spaces, but railroads did help to affect political and economic integration.

William Faulkner His Life and Achievements Essay Example For Students

William Faulkner: His Life and Achievements Essay William Faulkner is viewed by many as Americas greatest writer of prose fiction. He was born in New Albany, Mississippi where he lived a life filled with good times and bad times. However, despite bad times he would become known as a poet, a short story writer, and finally one of the greatest contemporary novelist of his time. William Faulkners accomplishments resulted not only from his love and devotion of writing, but also from family, friends, and certain uncontrollable events. William Faulkners life is an astonishing accomplishment; however, it is crucial to explore his life prior to his fixated writing career. In 1905, Faulkner entered the first grade at a tender age of eight, and immediately showed signs of talent. He not only drew an explicitly detailed drawing of a locomotive, but he soon became an honour-roll student: His report card would show no grades below Perfect or Excellent (Blotner 21). Throughout his early education he would work conscientiously at reading, spelling, writing, and arithmetic; however, he especially enjoyed drawing. His deportment at school was very high, but it was not as high as it was at home. When Faulkner got promoted to third grade, skipping the second grade, he was asked by his teacher what he wanted to be when he grew up, and he replied, I want to be a writer just like my great granddaddy (Blotner 23). At last, (in 1914) Faulkner took interest in poetry, but no one in Oxford could tell him what to do with his poems. We will write a custom essay on William Faulkner: His Life and Achievements specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Meanwhile, Faulkner, who is very talkative, would always entertain Katrina Carter and Estelle Oldham by telling them vividly imagined stories. Eventually, Faulkner grew very fond of Estelle in fact, if he heard her voice he would deliberately attempt to be spotted by Katrina in hopes that she asks him to join her. Estelle soon became the sole inspirer and recipient of Faulkners earlier poems. Coincidentally, a gentleman named Phil Stone would fall in love with Estelles friend, Katrina. As a result, Katrina had told Stone about Faulkner and his poetry. So one afternoon, Stone walked to Faulkners home to get acquainted, and during his visit he received several written verses from Faulkner poetry collections: Anybody could have seen that he (Faulkner) had talentit was perfectly obvious (Blotner 44). Stone not only became Faulkners close friend, but also a mentor to the young writer at the beginning of his career. Stone immediately gave the potential poet encouragement, advice, and models for his study of literature. For example, Stone would give practice drills in punctuation, as well as lecture Faulkner on goals and grammars. Meanwhile, Faulkners main interest in school became athletics such as football and baseball, thus his grades started to deteriorate: Bill showed absolutely no interest in the education being offeredHe gazed out the windows, and answered the simplest questions with I dont know (Blotner 39). Eventually, he would quit both athletics and school altogether. In 1919, his first literary work was acknowledged and published in The New Republic. The poem is a forty-line verse with a French title that acknowledges the influence of the French Symbolist, LApres-Midi dun Faune. In September, Faulkner would enroll in the University of Mississippi, and during his academic years it did not deter him from writing more poems. The Mississippian, the student paper, published Landing in Luck by Faulkner- the story is a nine-page short story created from his direct experience in the Royal Air Force flight training in 1916. He has also written several other poems such as Cathay, which is published in the Oxford Eagle and Sapphic, which is published in The Mississippian. During the summer, Faulkner became a house painter in Oxford, and in the beginning of autumn he enrolled in the University of Mississippi; however, his early pattern of school started to take toll. Faulkner began to cut classes and finally just stopped going. Although, this time he participated in a drama club called The Marionettes, and began to publish book reviews in The Mississippian. .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 , .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .postImageUrl , .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 , .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:hover , .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:visited , .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:active { border:0!important; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:active , .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604 .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc421695dcaf90bd3656287294c8c4604:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay on Sex Trafficking And Human Trafficking EssayIn the summer of 1921, Faulkner decided to take a trip to New York to receive some professional instructions from editors and critics, since Stone was busy with his academic studies. Faulkner stayed with a man named Stark Young, where they shared an incredibly small apartment. Later, Young introduced Faulkner to Elizabeth Prall of the Doubleday bookstore to see if she wanted some help prior to the Christmas rush. Reluctantly, Prall accepted and never regretted her choice since. Faulkner made a good clerk-polite, interested, and one of the best salesman in the store All the customers fell for him like a ton of bricks (Blotner 105). During his stay in New York, Maud Faulkner and Stone became very worried about Faulkner and his financial troubles. Meanwhile, Stone immediately went to work on behalf of his friend, and soon became the Assistant District Attorney. As a result, Stone used his political powers and appeals to influence U. S. Senator Harrison to promise Faulkner a decent job as a postmaster at the university substation. Faulkners job would last him between 1922 to 1924 with an annual salary of fifteen hundred dollars. Even as postmaster, Faulkner still found time to write and publish a short prose poem The Hill, in The Mississippian. This poem was a great importance to Faulkner as it served to be the beginning of the rural setting of his future Yoknapatwpha novels, and his first objective to real life characters. As a result of friends and unexpected events, William Faulkner would soon write novels. Consequently, he realized his career faced the best of times and the worst of times. However, it became clear that his writing would eventually become his life long happiness. During the late months of June through November in 1923, there was a correspondence between Faulkner and the Four Seas Company, a publisher in Boston, concerning Faulkners manuscript entitled Orpheus and other poems. Unfortunately, the publication of the poems was futile without a financial contribution, which he was unable to provide. However, Stone helped Faulkner by writing to the Four Seas Company in hopes of offering Faulkners manuscript The Marble Faun. Reluctantly, it was accepted and by the end of the year the company published 1,000 copies of his novel, which was dedicated to Faulkners mother, and prefaced by Stone. In May, Faulkner finished the typescript for Soldiers Pay, which he sent to the publisher Horace Liveright, who gave Faulkner two hundred dollars in advanced pay. He used the money to pay for his trip to Europe. While in Paris, Faulkner began to work on the novel Elmer; unfortunately, it was never completed, but exists today in several versions. After arriving in England, Faulkner decided to go back home. Upon his arrival in New York, he immediately began his next novel Mosquitoes, which was published a year later by Boni Liveright. In September of 1927, Faulkner finished yet another novel entitled Flags in the Dust; however, it was rejected in the following month, and was returned in December. Afterward, Faulkner received the go ahead by his publishing company to send his typescript to another company, which is now Harcourt, Brace. Unfortunately, even though the novel was published, it was reduced to 110,000 words and the title Flags in the Dust was finally replaced by Sartoris instead. Within the same month, Faulkner began The Sound and the Fury, which was finished by October. The published novel soon became a critical success with only 1,789 copies. In 1928, Faulkner broke ties with Harcourt, Brace, and signed a new contract with a new publishing house of Jonathan Cape Harrison Smith, which entitled them to Faulkners new novel entitled, Sanctuary. Faulkner took the typescript and decided to correct the proofs on his honeymoon with his wife, Estelle. Finally, Faulkners novel, Sanctuary, was soon published, and in astonishment 6,457 copies were sold. As a result, Faulkner soon realized that he is now the most important figure in American letters. William Faulkner deserved every single award given to him, because of his intense love and dedication to literature. .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e , .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .postImageUrl , .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e , .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:hover , .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:visited , .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:active { border:0!important; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:active , .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6ffd382d01c4c01aa060c84ea00bc43e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Programming Under The Wizards Spell Essay Research PaperNevertheless, it is just as important to know what he has won, as well as how he won them. Therefore, in examining and analyzing Faulkners work it will help us understand and appreciate his gift of writing. Throughout Faulkners life he has won many awards on behalf of his talent for literature, and the following are just a few of his awards: (1950) Nobel Prize for Literature, (1950) American Academys Howells Medal for Fiction, (1951) National Book Award for Fiction, (1951) Legion of Honour in New Orleans, (1955) Pulitzer Prize, (1957) Silver Medal of Greek Academy, (1962) Gold Medal for Fiction from the National Insti tution of Arts Letters. Even though Faulkner won all these awards, there was at least one award that had many conflicting views by many American critics. That award pertains to the Pulitzer Prize awarded to Faulkner novel, The Fable. The story takes place within a fortress city of Chaulnesmont, two days after the mutiny of a French regiment. The chief plot is set when a regiment of soldiers refused an order to fight knowing that the attack would not be successful. The theme of sacrifice is the central meaning of the novel. Is it on the grounds of military necessity or expediency, or on the grounds of personal sacrifice for some universal ideal; as a result, the main question asked is what is actually achieved by sacrifice. Several critics have pointed out the dualism that runs throughout A Fable, in which there are presence of good and evil, guilt and innocence, and bravery and fear. Despite America judging Faulkners novel as a failing accomplishment of its literary goals, A Fable was for the European readers: The most important novela literary masterpiece (Blotner 595). As we have seen, William Faulkners interest in writing was so intense that the meaning of giving up never crossed his mind. As a result, whenever he experienced hard times there would always be family and friends to aid him in his career. In any event, Faulkner proved that with great dedication and devotion anybody could achieve their goals.

Free to a Good Home - Why You Should Not Give Pets Away

Free to a Good Home - Why You Should Not Give Pets Away Once you have taken an animal into your home and made him or her part of your family, you have an obligation to protect and nurture that animal because you made a commitment. The animal has a right to expect to be treated as a member of the family. And that’s what makes the issue of re-homing pets an animal rights issue. But sometimes life throws a curveball and there are circumstances beyond your control. If you have fallen into a situation where you need to find new homes for your companion animals, you are in a disastrous position indeed. If you care for your animals at all, you will take every precaution to ensure they are going to a forever loving home. If you are truly desperate and dont have the time or ability to vet a stranger offering to take your companion, your best move is to local rescues for assistance. Many are networked nationwide and work incredibly hard to secure safe alternatives for pets. If rescues cant immediately help, take him or her to a shelter, as much as it may pain you to do so. At least, the animal may be given a chance to find a good home. Having to surrender your companion animal to a shelter is not the best outcome, but its a better outcome than having your companion fall into the wrong hands.   Criminals easily prey on people who just want the animals to go to a good home. They know that sometimes you are pressed for time and apparently have no choice but to turn the animal over to you in your hour of need. They rely on that raw emotion you have over having to surrender your friend while time is running out. They try to convince you they will be good guardians, and you very much want to believe them, which works in their favor. First and foremost, always affix an adoption fee. People looking for animals to abuse will usually not pay a fee. You may even hear a sob story from someone who wants your animal but cant afford to pay an adoption fee. But chances are if they cant afford to pay a $50 adoption fee, what will they do when the animal needs to be seen by a veterinarian? How will they afford to keep up with dental cleanings, check-ups, and vaccines? Charging an adoption fee also prevents someone from taking your animals on a whim, and then, having lost interest, turning them in at the shelter or abandoning them on a dark, lonely street far from home. Abuse Torture Sick and amoral people cannot always be spotted on looks alone. Some individuals want your dogs and cats just to  abuse, torture and kill them. By charging an adoption fee, you make it much more difficult for these animal abusers to acquire animals - specifically, your animals. Dogfighting According to the Michigan State University Animal Legal and Historical Center, one of the methods used to train fighting dogs is to dangle a small dog, cat, rabbit or guinea pig on a rope in front of a dog who is forced to run on a treadmill or around a circle. Naturally, these small animals are terrified and the dog is given the animal to kill as a reward at the end of the session. Where do these animals come from? Some people steal animals right off the street or from a backyard. In dogfighting, dogs are trained to be vicious and trained to attack other animals, so-called bait animals. In a Florida shelter, an elderly woman and her clean-cut young son came to adopt a small animal. Ostensibly, the animal was to be â€Å"a companion† for the elderly woman. The pair went home with a small white mixed breed who was immediately thrown into a ring with a fighting dog and killed. Looks can be deceiving and people searching for dogs for this purpose will use any disguise, tell any l ies and use charm to separate you from your loving companion. Again, charging an adoption fee makes it more difficult for someone to acquire animals for dogfighting. B Dealers Although there are breeding facilities to supply the animal-testing industry with dogs and cats, some laboratories attempt to cut corners by hiring dishonest intermediaries who deal in stolen pets. A woman named Barbara Ruggiero was such a dealer, referred to as a Class B dealer, a random source animal dealer regulated by the  USDA  to sell animals to laboratories for experimentation. Class B dealers sometimes acquire animals in unscrupulous ways, and charging a small adoption fee makes your animal unprofitable to them. Finding a New Home It is strongly recommended that you affix an adoption fee. You can always waive the fee if you find someone you truly trust. Whether or not you charge an adoption fee, there are steps you can take to make sure your animals are going to a good home: Home visit: Visit the potential adopters home and speak with the other family members. Are there other pets in the home? Who will care for the animals? Does anyone have allergies? Where will the animals live? If there are children, make sure that the adults know that they should be responsible for the animals; not the children. If the potential adopter doesn’t live near you, ask a rescue in the town where s/he lives to visit the home. Because of Facebook and Petfinder, the perfect guardian may be miles away, even in another state. Rescues often have volunteers to help you facilitate your adoption and put your mind at ease. PilotsNPaws may be able to transport your companion anywhere in the country where you find a suitable home. Consider relatives who live out of state; they may be willing to adopt your precious family member.Ask for references: Call the references and ask if the family has taken good care of their current or past pets. Ask what happened to their past pets - d id they die of natural causes after fifteen years, or did they seem to disappear after a few weeks? Ask for a vet reference: Call their current or past veterinarian and ask about the familys other pets and how well they were cared for. The vet may not give you very detailed information, but confirm that they have a relationship with a vet and ask whether the vet recommends the family as good  guardians.Animal abuser registry:  Animal abuser registries  are growing rapidly in response to public pressure. If you live in an area that has such a registry, be sure to take advantage of it. They list local people who have been convicted of animal cruelty in the past so that shelters and rescue groups can avoid them.Google  them: Whether or not someone has a history of animal abuse, an internet search might turn up past crimes and brushes with the law.Be prepared to take the animal back. You may have taken all of the important steps, but the pet may not be a good match for this family. Maybe your dog doesnt get along with their current dog. Maybe a family member has a previously un known allergy. To keep your animals safe, you have to be prepared to take them back and let the adopter know that you will take the animal back if it doesnt work out. Have the adopter sign a pet adoption contract.  Petrescue.com offers boilerplate adoption contracts that can be downloaded and printed outNever use Craigslist. Because Craigslist offers free or cheap items, those surfing Craigslist are looking for free cats and dogs. Even if you do have a fee, they’re confident they can con you into waiving it. Craigslist is never a good place to advertise an animal. Horror stories abound about animals given away to someone who found him or her on Craigslist. With reputable databases such as Petfinder and all the breed rescue sites, why would someone even be looking on Craigslist? Because they don’t want to deal with the paperwork and systems these sites have put in place to protect their animals.Breed Rescue If your animal is a purebred, reach out to the specific breed rescue and ask them to step in. Frequently they have a waiting list of anxious, but vetted, adopters. German Shepherd Dog Rescue and Siamese Rescue are two examples of a specific breed rescue group. If you still have doubts about the safety of giving your animal away to someone without vetting them first, consider these cases. In 2007, Anthony Appolonia of Aberdeen, NJ, convicted of  torturing and killing 19 cats and kittens, many which came from local free to a good home advertisements in the newspaper. Local rescuers had given him the cats but became suspicious when Appolonia requested additional cats. In 1998,  Class B dealer Barbara Ruggiero  and two accomplices were found guilty of felony grand theft of dogs in Los Angeles, CA, after they answered hundreds of free to a good home ads and then sold the dogs to laboratories,  to be used in experiments. The information on this website is not legal advice and is not a substitute for legal advice. For legal advice, please consult an attorney. Doris Lin, Esq.  is an animal rights attorney and Director of Legal Affairs for the Animal Protection League of NJ.

Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Exercise - Essay Example He says that what you consume is vital but what it emanates down to is how much you eat. Thus it is good to eat like the French do, they are the healthiest groups of people yet they have a number of the worst diets worldwide. And lastly, an individual is at an advantage consuming whole fresh foods instead of food products that have been processed. He wants his readers be aware that they should not just eat any food and should be aware that even some low-fat foods have been confirmed that they do not work. Therefore: one should be familiar with the ingredients in the food they consume; eat frequently plants; cook for yourself; pay extra for nutritious diets and eat less; and Eat like an omnivore and like the French. He also insists that people should keep off from supermarkets and eat real stuff that do not have health assertions (POLLAN, 2007). In his article, Pollen seems to answer the question on: whether are there more nutrients in foods that have been manufactured and are claiming to be nutritious than in natural foods?; And how sure are we that these studies on diets that claim certain foods to have nutrients have more benefits than harms to our health? His main idea is on nutritionism. He examines the effect nutritionism has on human beings. He does this through his explanation of how a political mix-up has made companies assert that their produce is healthy. This political mix-up is denoting to a situation where George McGovern contradicted himself on the matters concerning particular nutrient. He said publicly how the nutrient was unhealthy, and later he comes with an opposite opinion of his previous statements. Through this pollen paints an image that nutritionism is good for food companies and marketers but it is not good for human beings. He claims that human beings are contented to receive updates that they should consume more of one thing rather than another; we

Economic Crisis in the United States Research Paper

Economic Crisis in the United States - Research Paper Example widespread failure in regulatory oversight) (Barclift, 2011, p. 450). However, deeper analysis of the crisis shows that though the crisis is financial in nature, the culprit is not financial as many have explained but structural; it is caused by the faulty macroeconomic strategies of US – the reliance on bubble economy and dependency on international credits and imports. I. Understanding the Crisis Experts, policymakers and observers (BBC, 2007; Zaman, 2009, p. 64; Katkov, 2011, p. 898) perceive the crisis in contending ways, depending on which spectrum one aligns. But as the events unfold, everyone seems to agree that the crisis has started to manifest itself in the burst of the housing bubble in 2007 followed by the financial market crash. How did this happen? This question must have been asked with the shocking realization that this actually happens in the US – the seat of world power and the home of distinguished economists, financial analysts, and bankers. But afte r understanding the events, one would probably say that this kind of crisis would be most highly probable in the US. Why? The answer to this would come later. Going back to the first question, to answer this requires one to understand the mortgage lending in the US. One good simple explanation on this is to understand the effects of the changes made on the traditional model of mortgage lending to the sub-prime model as illustrated below. The differences between the two models rest on three important factors: First, the reliance on real assets for banks to lend; second, the guarantee on the capacity of borrowers to pay; and third, the transparency in the conditions of loans – i.e. that sub-prime loans are usually adjustable rate mortgages (ARM); toxic instruments, like the collateralized debt obligations (CDO) that the biggest investment banks of the world pump out (BBC, 2007, p. 1). In short, there are solid bases by which banks and borrowers conduct business, giving both par ties clear indicators by which to act. Unfortunately, these three important factors on which banks traditionally operate are disregarded in the new sub-prime model. Though it is true that selling on the mortgages to the bond markets has given banks additional leverage to fund more borrowings, however, it has resulted to fraudulent practices, which banks no longer have the incentive to check (BBC, 2007, p. 1) – i.e., falsifying credit histories or income of borrowers by mortgage brokers to qualify borrowers so that brokers can earn fees and commission (Zaman, 2009, p. 65). Truly, the sub-prime model has succeeded in raising the demand for housing, which caused the housing bubble, but in the end caused the financial crisis. Freeman (2002) explained that the housing bubble created a hyperinflationary spiral, fuelling speculative investments in real estate. Consequently, this sent prices, assessments, real estate and mortgage credit volume also spiraling upwards. Such was actuall y the objective of the City of London-Wall Street financier and Fannie Mae. On the contrary, the productive economy that would have given debtors the capacity to pay and that would have given resilience to the US economy was staggering downward. (pp. 12, 17) Expectantly, as BBC (2007) reported, sub-prime borrowers, which make-up 22% ($1.3 trillion) of the $6 trillion mortgage

Acts of Rebellion Essay Example for Free

Acts of Rebellion Essay In 1984, Orwell presents the act of rebellion through love. Listen. The more men youve had, the most I love you. Do you understand that? this whole quote suggest that they are both rebelling, meaning that Julia has already rebelled in the past by having sex with other men. Also Winston is declaring that the more she rebels the more he would love her, which is also an act of rebellion in itself because love is unauthorized, by Big Brother. The most could suggest that Winston is encouraging everyone to rebel against Big Brother, which could mean that as Julia loves Winston, he is taking advantage of her by telling her that whatever Julia is doing is right that he is totally supporting her. Additionally this could mean that he wanted more people to be corrupt, and everyone to go to the wrong path and disobey Big Brother. Orwell presents the act of rebellion through love because in the Dystopian society there are strict rule that need to be followed, such as no having sex for pleasure, and this is clearly an act of rebellion as Julia had sex with lots of party member. Similarly in Romeo and Juliet where Shakespeare is presenting their love by rebelling, they are both willing to disobey the orders of the wise ones just to be with each other. Therefore stay yet; thou needst not to be gone proposes that Juliet is stubborn, as the Daughter of Capulet; she is used to get what she wants. Additionally Romeo declares to her Let me taen, let me be put to death This could emphasise that he is willing to die for Juliet and stay with her than live his life without her, this clearly shows that he is rebelling against all the rules put upon them, just to stay with Juliet. Not to be gone could suggest that Juliet is being bossy as she is ordering him to stay with her. But alternatively this could highlight that as men in the Elizabethan had power over women, and they were patriarchal meaning that Juliet was a bad influence on Romeo, and that she was almost a threat to his manhood. As he accepts defeat Romeo says let me put to death which could declare that Juli et is Romeos weakness and that if someone breaks Juliet, Romeo will also shatter.

Relation Between Law And Morality :: essays research papers

Factors Affecting Life In The Fourteenth Century   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  By all accounts, humanity was faring pretty well in the period from the eleventh century to the thirteenth. The population was steadily increasing due to better farming methods that better feed the people in Europe at this time. Significant social and political changes proved to be making life more stable, and there were many advances being made in the intellectual community. This stability, however, was upset by some of the most sever calamities ever to affect modern society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Things began going downhill during the early thirteen hundreds, when Europe encountered what was latter termed to be a, â€Å"little ice-age.† This very subtle shift in economic patterns was enough to cause rampant malnutrition and even starvation in some heavy hit areas. Things were so bad that historians now believe that the famine may be responsible for a nearly ten percent drop in population in during the first half of that century. Although this is a staggering figure in itself, it is widely believed that it also had a hand in further reducing the population via the most terrible epidemic know to man; the Black Death, or the bubonic plague.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Death was the most lethal outbreak in recorded history. While different sources have conflicting figures, it is widely believed that the Plague wiped out up to fifty percent of the entire population. The plague itself was probably brought to Europe from Asia through trade ships or caravans, where it was spread through flees that lived on rats that co-existed in the cities and other urban areas. Lacking present day knowledge about bacteria and biology in general, the seemingly arbitrary spread of the Black Death completely baffled the early European, who attributed it to all sorts of things, such as Jews or the wrath of a vengeful God. The unfathomable amount of death had very negative effects on almost every human institution, such as the religious establishment and normal social behavior. It must have a terrifying era to live in, and is a situation that hasn’t been duplicated in nearly 700.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Probably owing partially to the examples already given, war and general social unrest were another evil that beset an already bewildered people. The most brutal and protracted single example would have to be the Hundred Years War between England and France. It was touched of 1337 when Philip VI, the king of France, forcefully seized the province of Gascony from the English.

Isolation in Society Essay

Most people take society for granted, having lived within it their whole lives. They follow rules and social norms almost without thinking or realizing how much these rules affect their lives. It is only when these rules and norms are removed that people realize the significant impact of society on who they are. People assume social roles and when these roles are removed, whether by choice or by accident, they are forced to survive without the benefits or protections of society. Charlotte Perkins Gilman and William Golding are two authors that attempted to show the negative effects of isolation from society. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Gilman Jane is isolated from society and slowly descends into her own world of delusion and insanity; in the Lord of the Flies by Golding, the isolated boys forgo the rules of civilization and revert to a state of savagery and paranoia. In each story, as in real life, isolation from society causes suffering. A large part of staying within society and not being isolated from it is to fulfill an expected social role, whether as a mother, father, doctor, or nurse. Expectations from society are placed on each of these roles, as well as a pressure to conform. Whether people choose to accept them or not, social roles are assigned to everyone who participates in society. According to Gerrig, â€Å"A social role is a socially defined pattern of behavior that is expected of a person when functioning in a given setting or group† (Gerrig and Zimbardo 574). In both â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Lord of the Flies, pressures of fulfilling social role leads to physical and mental isolation and alienation from society and creates suffering. In the article â€Å"The Outsider,† a genius boy named William James Sidis is described as someone whose intelligence made him isolated from society: â€Å"At eighteen months he could read The New York Times, at two he taught himself Latin, at three he learned Greek. By the time he was an adult he could speak more than forty languages and dialects. He gained entrance to Harvard at eleven, and gave a lecture on four-dimensional bodies to the Harvard Mathematical Club his first year† (Towers 6). His IQ was reported between 250 to 300 points, and his intelligence isolated him from his peers and social norms. This hyper-intelligence distanced him from almost everyone else in the world, creating an isolated, lonely youth who suffered in his alienation. Since he was born, he was constantly fueled by the expectations of others pushing him to excel. It led to his drive to succeed beyond most others in the academic fields, but did not allow for him to ever experience â€Å"normal† life, in social terms. Conforming to the ideas of others that wanted his brain used for noble pursuits, he missed out on simple social interactions or other joys of being human, eventually becoming a forty-six-year-old virgin who was unable to find sexual identity because he never incorporated it into his life. Sidis claims that despite all his intelligence and accomplishments, he is a failure, because he never got to be anything but an outsider. His isolation from normal society not only limited the options in his life, but also added unnecessary suffering. This real life isolation and the suffering it causes is seen in the characters of Gilman’s and Golding’s stories. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Lord of the Flies, people became isolated from society and suffered because of it. Jane is an intelligent and independent woman, and this makes her an outsider in nineteenth century society, who expect women to be happy mothers and wives. Though all of the stranded boys are isolated from society on the island, Ralph becomes an outsider from their community, after his intelligence and sense clash with the savage behavior the other boys adopt. In Jane’s case, she was an outsider for her rejection of â€Å"normal† society, while Ralph was an outsider because of his acceptance of it. Real life is no different than fiction, and people who think above the typical mentality and social norms often become isolated from society, thus becoming outsiders. For Jane in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper,† it is the refusal to accept these social roles that makes her an outsider in her own world, combined with the dismissive attitude that she receives from others. In the story, Jane makes the claim that she cannot participate in social activities such as working and visiting family because of her mental illness. This is largely because of her dominant doctor husband who keeps telling her that she is and treating her as if she were helpless. Her husband acts just as any husband of the time, treating her as a helpless woman instead of the intelligent and creative woman she is. He also is the one who will not allow her to write, so she begins her journal until she can work again: â€Å"So I take phosphates or phosphates-whichever it is- and tonics, and air and exercise, and journeys, and am absolutely forbidden to â€Å"work† until I am well again† (Golding 88). What her husband dismisses is Jane’s deep depression, which is made worse by her isolation and sense of helplessness. â€Å"You see, he does not believe I am sick! † (88). He robbed her of writing and being productive in the way she wishes, and offers her little alternatives. At the time, women were expected to keep house and raise the children, while Jane preferred writing and independence. She eventually comes to see domestic life as a prison, directly opposing the societal view of domestic life as the height of existence. Even before her descent into insanity, she is an outsider compared to the nanny and John’s sister who are happy filling their social roles as submissive housewives. Jane is left in her isolated world alone in the house, with her husband gone much of the time on emergencies and serious situations. In her isolation, Jane grows increasingly detached not only from her husband and family, but from reality. By making her an outsider, Jane is unable to get over her depression and the isolation from society only makes her mindset worse. Isolation from society can negatively affect the behavior of people, much like it does to Jane. Many people with mental illness are kept out of â€Å"normal† society, instead locked away like Jane is. This behavior robs people of the ability to interact with each other, almost negating the concept of what a society is supposed to be. This brings up the question of whether societies should be inclusive or if it is okay to create outsiders and exclude them. Nineteenth century society simply did not want to accept a strong independent woman. In Lord of the Flies, the entire definition of society is called into question. In Lord of the Flies, isolation from society is the theme of the work. The boys are isolated on a desert island and are forced to create their own rules, and soon Ralph finds himself isolated from this new society. Ralph initially uses his intelligence and morals to maintain order and establish a democratic society with the conch shell. He is a wise choice as leader and the signal fire displays the hope they have to return to civilization, but fear and paranoia begin to take over. The isolation from society leads Jack and his followers to abandon the rules, and this makes Ralph and his followers outsiders to them. The instance where the boys killed the sow shows how far removed from society they are and by chopping off of its head and offering it to the beast seems to suggest that isolation from society leads to the breakdown of civilized behavior. In their blood lust, the boys chant, â€Å"Kill the beast! Cut his throat! Spill his blood† (Golden 168). The boys take pleasure in the destructive power of killing, where they were only recently innocent schoolboys. They savagely murder Simon thinking he is the beast and they, â€Å"Leapt on to the beast, screamed, struck, bit and tore† (000000), like animals and not humans. After the boys kill Simon, the only boy that does not believe in the beast, they in fact become the beast themselves by murdering the person who knows the truth. However barbaric, Jack’s society appeals to most of the boys and even Ralph and Piggy think it is a demented but mostly safe society. For Ralph and his followers, isolation from society did not cause him to revert to a savage state, though tempted by it. Perhaps the author is trying to suggest that all humans possess violent instincts and will revert to them when given the chance, but the truly strong individuals will manage to retain their sense of morality and independence. When the boys are rescued, Ralph realizes that the isolation from society forced all the boys to lose their innocence, though he managed to retain his sense of civilization. Both Jane in â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† and Ralph in Lord of the Flies are outsiders in their own worlds, isolated physically and by their own beliefs and thoughts. This isolation led to suffering for each. In both stories, frustration and paranoia provokes dark thoughts in the minds of the characters, as the boys on the island become savages, Ralph is forced to hide for his life, and Jane becomes insane. Both authors seem to suggest that isolation from society and its rules leads to only suffering and the breakdown of morality. The good become evil, and the intelligent and independent thinkers lose their minds and sometimes lives. Ralph offers hope that this fate is not always true, but he is also forever changed by his experience. Jane’s position offers little hope, as she continues to deteriorate mentally throughout the story. But, the stories each offer questions about social roles and how they affect the mind, and whether isolation can allow a person to better understand the outside world or forget how to interact in it. The only thing that is certain is that few can escape from the reality of society. Works cited: Gerrig, Richard J. and Zimbardo, Philip G. â€Å"Social Norms. † Psychology and Life. 17th ed. 2005. Gilman, Charlotte Perkins. â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. † The Project Gutenberg. November 1999. 31 January 2007. . Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Berkeley Publishing Group, 1954. Towers, Grady M. â€Å"The Outsiders. † The Prometheus Society. 22 April 1987. 31 January 2007. .

The Fairy Tales of Charles Perrault

Although much lesser known than his literary heirs the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen, 17th-century French writer, Charles Perrault, not only solidified the fairy tale as a literary genre but wrote nearly all of the genres most signature stories, including Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Little Red Riding Hood, Bluebeard, Puss in Boots, Tom Thumb, and the larger designation of Mother Goose stories. Perrault published his Stories or Tales from Times Past (subtitled Mother Goose Tales) in 1697 and arrived at the end of a long and not entirely satisfying literary life. Perrault was nearly 70 years old and, while he was well-connected, his contributions had been more intellectual than artistic. But this slim volume comprised of three of his earlier verse stories and eight new prose stories achieved a success that hadnt seemed possible to the man whod long made his main living as a civil servant.   Impact on Literature   Some of Perraults stories were adapted from oral tradition, some were inspired by episodes from earlier works, (including Boccaccios The Decameron and Apuleius The Golden Ass), and some were inventions wholly new to Perrault. What was most significantly new was the idea of turning magical folk tales into sophisticated and subtle forms of written literature. While we now think of fairy tales as primarily childrens literature, there was no such thing as childrens literature in Perraults time. With this in mind, we can see that the morals of these tales take on more worldly purposes, despite their slyly clever packaging within the fantastical universe of fairies, ogres, and talking animals. While Perraults original tales are hardly the versions that were fed to us as children, they also cant be expected to be the feminist and socialist alternate versions that we might wish them to be (see Angela Carters 1979 story collection, The Bloody Chamber, for this kind of modern twist; Carter had translated an edition of Perraults fairy tales in 1977 and was inspired to create her own versions as a response). Perrault was an upper-class intellectual during the reign of the Sun King. Unlike the fable-writer Jean de La Fontaine, whose rich narratives often criticized the powerful and took the side of the underdog (in fact he himself was not in favor with the megalomaniacal Louis XIV), Perrault didnt have much of an interest in rocking the boat. Instead, as a leading figure on the modern side of the Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns, he brought new forms and sources to literature to create something that even the ancients had never seen. La Fontaine was on the side of the ancients and wrote fables in the vein of Aesop, and while La Fontaine was much more lyrically sophisticated and intellectually clever, it was Perraults modernity that lay the foundation for a new kind of literature thats created a culture all its own. Perrault may have been writing for adults, but the fairy tales that he first put on paper spawned a revolution in what kinds of stories could be made into literature. Soon, writing for children spread throughout Europe and eventually across the rest of the world. The results and even his own works may have gone far out of Perraults intent or control, but thats what often happens when you introduce something new into the world. It seems that theres a moral somewhere in that. References in Other Works   Perraults tales entered culture in ways that far transcend his own personal artistic reach. They permeated virtually every level of modern art and entertainment—from rock songs to popular films to the most sophisticated stories by literary fabulists such as Angela Carter and Margaret Atwood. With all these tales forming a common cultural currency, the clarity and intent of the originals have often been either obscured or contorted to serve sometimes questionable meanings. And while a film like 1996s Freeway creates a brilliant and necessary twist on the Little Red Riding Hood story, many more popular versions of Perraults works (from the saccharine Disney films to the grotesquely insulting Pretty Woman) manipulate their audiences by promoting reactionary gender and class stereotypes. Much of this is in the originals, though, and its often surprising to see just what is and what isnt in the original versions of these seminal fairy tales. Tales by Perrault In Puss in Boots, the youngest of three sons inherits only a cat when his father dies, but through the cats wily scheming the young man ends up wealthy and married to a princess. Perrault, who was in favor with Louis XIV, provides two interconnected but  competing  morals to the  tale, and he clearly had the machinations of the court in mind with this witty satire. On the one hand, the tale promotes the idea of using hard work and ingenuity to get ahead, rather than just relying on your parents money. But on the other hand, the story warns against being taken in by pretenders who may have achieved their wealth in unscrupulous ways. Thus, a tale that seems like a didactic childrens fable actually serves as a double-edged send-up of class mobility as it existed in the seventeenth century. Perraults Little Red Riding Hood reads much like the popularized versions that we all grew up with, but with one big difference: the wolf eats the girl and her grandmother, and nobody comes along to save them. Without the happy ending that the Brothers Grimm supply in their version, the story serves as a warning to young women against talking to strangers, especially against charming wolves who seem civilized but are perhaps even more dangerous. Theres no heroic male to slay the wolf and save Little Red Riding Hood from her own gullible innocence. Theres only danger, and its up to young women to learn how to recognize it. Like Puss in Boots, Perraults Cinderella also has two competing and contradictory morals, and they likewise discuss questions of marriageability and class connection. One moral claims that charm is more important than looks when it comes to winning a mans heart, an idea that suggests that anyone can achieve happiness, regardless of their conventional assets. But the second moral declares that no matter what natural gifts you have, you need a godfather or godmother in order to put them to good use. This message acknowledges, and perhaps supports, societys profoundly uneven playing field. The most strange and amazing of Perraults tales, Donkey Skin, is also one of his least known, probably because its shocking grotesqueries have no way of being watered down and made easily palatable. In the story, a dying queen asks her husband to remarry after her death, but only to a princess even more beautiful than her. Eventually, the kings own daughter grows to surpass her dead mothers beauty, and the king falls deeply in love with her. At the suggestion of her fairy godmother, the princess makes seemingly impossible demands of the king in exchange for her hand, and the king somehow fulfills her demands each time to both shimmering and terrifying effect. Then she demands the skin of the kings magic donkey, which defecates gold coins and is the source of the kingdoms wealth. Even this the king does, and so the princess flees, wearing the donkey skin as a permanent disguise. In Cinderella-like fashion, a young prince rescues her from her squalor and marries her, and events transpire so that her father also ends up happily paired with a neighboring widow-queen. Despite the tidiness of all its ends, this is the story that contains the messiest and wildest of Perraults invented worlds. Perhaps that is why posterity has been unable to tame it into a version that feels comfortable presenting to children. There is no Disney version, but for the adventurous, Jacques Demys 1970 film starring Catherine Deneuve manages to capture all of the storys perversity while casting the loveliest and most magical spell on its viewers.